Women's Lives in Medieval Europe: A Sourcebook, 2nd Edition

Further Reading

 

Since the first edition of this book appeared, there has been a vast output of scholarship in the field of medieval women’s history, so that any short bibliography like this one must be a somewhat arbitrary selection. The following list is of necessity restricted by space, and I have further limited it to books. Readers are urged to go further in specific fields, and also to seek out the valuable material that is available in the form of journal articles and, increasingly, in internet-based projects.

General works on medieval women

Primary sources

Dronke, Peter. Women Writers of the Middle Ages: A Critical Study of Texts from Perpetua (†203) to Marguerite Porete (†1310). Cambridge, 1984.

Goldberg, P. J. P., ed. and tr. Women in England, c. 1275-1525. Manchester and New York, 1995.

Larrington, Carolyne, ed. Women and Writing in Medieval Europe: A Sourcebook. London and New York, 1995. O’Faolain, Julia and Lauro Martines, eds. Not in God’s Image: Women in History from the Greeks to the Victo­rians. New York, 1973.

Petroff, Elizabeth Alvilda, ed. Medieval Women’s Visionary Literature. Oxford, 1986.

Thiebaux, Marcelle, ed. and tr. The Writings of Medieval Women. New York, 1987.

Watt, Diane. Medieval Women’s Writing: Works by and for Women in England, 1000-1500. Cambridge, 2007. Wiesner, Merry and Lisa Di Caprio, eds. Lives and Voices: A Sourcebook on European Women. Boston, 2001. Wilson, Katharina M., ed. Medieval Women Writers. Athens, GA, 1984.

Secondary works

Anderson, Bonnie S. and Judith P. Zinser. A History of Their Own: Women in Europe from Prehistory to the Present. New York, 1989. 2 vols.

Baker, Derek, ed. Medieval Women. Studies in Church History, Subsidia, I. Oxford, 1978.

Bechtold, Joan, Julia Bolton Holloway and Constance S. Wright, eds. Equally in God’s Image: Women in the Middle Ages. New York, 1990.

Bennett, Judith M., Elizabeth A. Clark, Jean F. O’Barr, B. Anne Vilen and Sarah Westphal-Wihl, eds.

Sisters and Workers in the Middle Ages. Chicago, 1990.

Bennett, Judith M. and Amy M. Froide, eds. Singlewomen in the European Past, 1250-1800. Philadelphia, 1999. Bitel, Lisa. Land of Women: Tales of Sex and Gender in Early Ireland. Ithaca, 1996.

Bridenthal, Renate and Claudia Koonz. Becoming Visible: Women in European History. Boston, 1977. Brown, Nancy Marie. The Far Traveler: Voyages of a Viking Woman. Orlando, 2008.

Bullough, Vern L., Brenda Shelton and Sarah Slavin. The Subordinated Sex: A History of Attitudes Toward Women. Rev. edn. Athens, GA, 1988.

Carpenter, Jennifer and Sally Beth MacLean, eds. Power of the Weak: Studies on Medieval Women. Urbana and  Chicago, 1995.

Echols, Anne and Marty Williams, eds. Women in Medieval Times: An Annotated Index of Medieval Women. New York and Princeton, 1991.

Ennen, Edith. The Medieval Woman, tr. Edmund Jephcott. Oxford, 1990.

Erler, Mary and Maryanne Kowaleski, eds. Women and Power in the Middle Ages. Athens, GA, 1988.

Fell, Christine, with Cecily Clark and Elizabeth Williams. Women in Anglo-Saxon England and the Impact of 1066. Oxford, 1986.

Gies, Frances and Joseph. Women in the Middle Ages. New York, 1978.

Jesch, Judith. Women in the Viking Age. Woodbridge, Suffolk, 1991.

Jochens, Jenny. Women in Old Norse Society. Ithaca, 1995.

Kirshner, Julius and Suzanne F. Wemple, eds. Women of the Medieval World. Oxford, 1985.

Labalme, Patricia H., ed. Beyond Their Sex: Learned Women of the European Past. New York, 1984.

Labarge, Margaret Wade. A Small Sound of the Trumpet: Women in Medieval Life. Boston, 1986.

Levin, Carole and Jeanie Watson, eds. Ambiguous Realities: Women in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Detroit, 1987.

Lewis, Katherine J., Noel James Menuge, and Kim M. Phillips, eds. Young Medieval Women. New York, 1999. Leyser, Henrietta. Medieval Women: A Social History of Women in England, 450-1500. London, 1995.

Lucas, Angela. Women in the Middle Ages: Religion, Marriage and Letters. New York, 1983.

Meek, Christine and Katharine Simms, eds. “The Fragility of Her Sex"?: Medieval Irishwomen in Their Euro­pean Context. Dublin, 1996.

Morewedge, Rosemarie Thee, ed. The Role of Women in the Middle Ages. Albany, 1975.

Power, Eileen. Medieval Women, ed. M. M. Postan. Cambridge, 1975.

Rose, Mary Beth, ed. Women in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Syracuse, NY, 1986.

Rosenthal, Joel T., ed. Medieval Women and the Sources of Medieval History. Athens, GA, 1990.

Shahar, Shulamith. The Fourth Estate: A History of Women in the Middle Ages. New York, 1983.

Skinner, Patricia. Women in Medieval Italian Society, 500-1200. Harlow, 2001.

Stuard, Susan Mosher. Women in Medieval Society. Philadelphia, 1976.

Stuard, Susan Mosher. Women in Medieval History and Historiography. Philadelphia, 1987.

Uitz, Erica. The Legend of Good Women: Medieval Women in Towns and Cities, tr. Sheila Mamie. Mt. Kisco, NY, 1990. Ward, Jennifer. Women in Medieval Europe, 1200-1500. London, 2002.

Wemple, Suzanne Fonay. Women in Frankish Society: Marriage and the Cloister, 500 to 900. Philadelphia, 1985. Williams, Marty and Anne Echols. Between Pit and Pedestal: Women in the Middle Ages. Princeton, 1992.

I The heritage of ideas: Christian belief, Roman ideals, and Germanic custom

Primary sources

Ambrose, Bishop of Milan. On Virginity, tr. Daniel Callam. Toronto, 1980.

Augustine of Hippo. St. Augustin: Anti-Pelagian Writings, tr. Peter Holmes, Robert Ernest Wallace and Benjamin B. Warfield. Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, ser. 1, vol. V. Grand Rapids, MI, 1971.

Clark, Elizabeth and Herbert Richardson, eds. Women and Religion: A Feminist Sourcebook of Christian Thought. New York, 1977.

Drew, Katherine Fischer, tr. The Burgundian Code. Philadelphia, 1972.

Drew, Katherine Fischer, tr. The Lombard Laws. Philadelphia, 1973.

Jerome. Select Letters of St. Jerome, tr. F. A. Wright. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, MA, 1963. Jerome. St. Jerome: Letters and Select Works tr. W. H. Fremantle. Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, ser. 2, vol. VI. Edinburgh, 1892; repr. Grand Rapids, MI, 1989.

Lefkowitz, Mary R. and Maureen Fant, eds. Women’s Life in Greece and Rome. Baltimore, 1982.

Pharr, Clyde, tr. The Theodosian Code and Novels and the Sirmondian Constitutions. Princeton, 1952.

Rivers, Theodore John, tr. Laws of the Alamans and Bavarians. Philadelphia, 1977.

Rivers, Theodore John, tr. The Laws of the Salian and Ripuarian Franks. New York, 1986.

Schaff, Philip, ed. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, ser. 1, vol. 3. Buffalo, NY, 1887.

Scott, S. P., tr. The Visigothic Code (Forum Judicum). Boston, 1910.

Scott, S. P., ed. The Civil Law. Cincinnati, 1932. Shelton, Jo-Ann. As the Romans Did: A Sourcebook in Roman Social History. 2nd edn. Oxford, 1998.

Secondary works

Bitel, Lisa. Women in Early Medieval Europe, 400-1100. Cambridge, 2002.

Cantarella, Eva. Pandora’s Daughters: The Role and Status of Women in Greek and Roman Society, tr. Maureen B. Fant. Baltimore, 1987.

Gardner, Jane F. Women in Roman Law and Society. Bloomington, IN, 1986.

Geary, Patrick J. Before France and Germany: The Creation and Tranformation of the Merovingian World. Oxford, 1988.

Pomeroy, Sarah B. Goddesses, Whores, Wives and Slaves: Women in Classical Antiquity. New York, 1975. Wemple, Suzanne Fonay. Women in Frankish Society: Marriage and the Cloister, 500 to 900. Philadelphia, 1985. Wiedemann, Thomas. Adults and Children in the Roman Empire. New Haven, 1989.

II Women and the law

Primary sources

Akehurst, F.R.P., tr. The Coutumes de Beauvaisis of Philippe de Beaumanoir. Philadelphia, 1992.

Burns, Robert I. Las Siete Partidas, tr. Samuel Parsons Scott. Philadelphia, 2001.

Hall, G.D.G., ed. and tr. Tractatus de legibus et consuetudinibus regni Anglie qui Glanvilla vocatur: The Treatise on the Laws and Customs of the Realm of England Commonly Called Glanvill, Nelson Medieval Texts. London, 1965.

Jenkins, Dafydd and Morfydd E. Owen, eds. The Welsh Law of Women. Cardiff, 1980.

Meyer, Kuno, ed. and tr. Cain Adamnain: An Old-Irish Treatise on the Law of Adamnan. Oxford, 1905.

Powell, James M., tr. The Liber Augustalis, or Constitutions of Melfi, Promulgated by the Emperor Frederick II for the Kingdom of Sicily in 1231. Syracuse, NY, 1971.

Schroeder, H.J. Disciplinary Decrees of the General Councils. St. Louis, MO and London: B. Herder Book Co., 1937.

Secondary works

Hanawalt, Barbara A. "Of Good and Ill Repute": Gender and Social Control in Medieval England. New York and Oxford, 1998.

Hanawalt, Barbara A. and David Wallace, eds. Medieval Crime and Social Control. Minneapolis, 1999.

Jones, Karen. Gender and Petty Crime in Late Medieval England: The Local Courts in Kent, 1460-1560. Wood- bridge, 2006.

Killerby, Catherine Kovesi. Sumptuary Law in Italy, 1200-1500. Oxford, 2002.

Menuge, Noël James, ed. Medieval Women and the Law. Woodbridge, 2003.

Stone, Marilyn. Marriage and Friendship in Medieval Spain: Social Relations According to the Fourth Partida of Alfonso X. New York, 1990.

Thompson, Augustine. Cities of God: The Religion of the Italian Communes, 1125-1325. University Park, PA, 2005.

III Marriage, sex, childbirth, and health

Primary sources

Bayard, Tania, tr. A Medieval Home Companion: Housekeeping in the Fourteenth Century New York, 1991. Berger, Margret, ed. and tr. Hildegard of Bingen. On Natural Philosophy and Medicine: Selections from Cause et Cure. Cambridge, 1999.

Greco, Gina L. and Christine M. Rose, tr. The Good Wife’s Guide (Le Ménagier de Paris): A Medieval House­hold Book. Ithaca, 2009.

Green, Monica H., ed. and tr. The Trotula: A Medieval Compendium of Women’s Medicine. Philadelphia, 2001. Lemay, Helen, tr. Women’s Secrets: A Translation of Pseudo-Albertus Magnus, “De secretis mulierum" with Commen­taries. Albany, 1992.

McCarthy, Conor, ed. Love, Sex and Marriage in the Middle Ages: A Sourcebook. London and New York, 2004. McNeill, John T. and Helena M. Gamer, tr. and eds. Medieval Handbooks of Penance. New York, 1938.

McSheffrey, Shannon, ed. and tr. Love and Marriage in Medieval London. Kalamazoo, MI, 1995.

Murray, Jacqueline, ed. Love, Marriage, and Family in the Middle Ages: A Reader. Peterborough, Ontario, 2001. Palmquist, Mary and John Kulas, eds. Hildegard of Bingen: Holistic Healing, tr. Manfred Pawlik and Patrick Madigan. Collegeville, MN, 1994.

Payer, Pierre, tr. Raymond of Penyafort. Summa on Marriage. Toronto, 2005.

Radice, Betty, tr. The Letters of Abelard and Heloise. Harmondsworth, 1974.

 Rowland, Beryl, tr. Medieval Woman’s Guide to Health: The First English Gynecological Handbook. Kent, OH, 1981.

Secondary works

Atkinson, Clarissa W. The Oldest Vocation: Christian Motherhood in the Middle Ages. Ithaca, NY, 1991. Boswell, John. Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality: Gay People in Western Europe from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Fourteenth Century. Chicago, 1980.

Brooke, Christopher, ed. The Medieval Idea of Marriage. Oxford, 1989.

Brundage, James A. Law, Sex and Christian Society in Medieval Europe. Chicago, 1990.

Bullough, Vern L. and James A. Brundage, eds. Handbook of Medieval Sexuality. New York, 2000.

Cadden, Joan. Meanings of Sex Difference in the Middle Ages: Medicine, Science and Culture. Cambridge, 1993. Donahue, Charles, Jr. Law, Marriage, and Society in the Later Middle Ages: Arguments about Marriage in Five Courts. Cambridge, 2008.

Duby, Georges. The Knight, the Lady and the Priest: The Making of Modern Marriage in Medieval France, tr.

Barbara Bray. Harmondsworth, 1983.

Elliott, Dyan. Spiritual Marriage: Sexual Abstinence in Medieval Wedlock. Princeton, NJ, 1993.

Furst, Lilian R. Women Healers and Physicians: Climbing a Long Hill. Lexington, KY, 1997.

Gies, Frances and Joseph Gies. Marriage and the Family in the Middle Ages. New York, 1987.

Green, Monica H. Women’s Healthcare in the Medieval West. Aldershot, 2000.

Green, Monica H. Making Women’s Medicine Masculine: The Rise of Male Authority in Pre-Modern Gynaecology.

Oxford and New York, 2008.

Helmholz, R. H. Marriage Litigation in Medieval England. Cambridge, 1974.

Herlihy, David. Medieval Households. Cambridge, MA, 1985.

Karras, Ruth Mazo. Sexuality in Medieval Europe: Doing unto Others. New York, 2005.

Laiou, Angeliki E., ed. Consent and Coercion to Sex and Marriage in Ancient and Medieval Societies. Washington, DC. 1993. McCarthy, Conor. Marriage in Medieval England: Law, Literature, and Practice. Woodbridge, 2004.

Mews, Constant J. The Lost Love Letters of Abelard and Heloise. New York, 1999.

Neel, Carol, ed. Medieval Families: Perspectives on Marriage, Household, and Children. Toronto, 2004.

Parson, John Carmi and Bonnie Wheeler, eds. Medieval Mothering. New York, 1996.

Reynolds, Philip L. and John Witte, Jr., eds. To Have and To Hold: Marrying and Its Documentation in Western Christendom, 400-1600. Cambridge, 2007.

Riddle, John M. Contraception and Abortion from the Ancient World to the Renaissance. Cambridge, MA, 1992.

Riddle, John M. Eve’s Herbs: A History of Contraception and Abortion in the West. Cambridge, MA, 1997.

Sautman, Francesca Canade and Pamela Sheingorn, eds. Same Sex Love and Desire among Women in the Middle Ages. New York, 2001.

Shahar, Shulamith. Childhood in the Middle Ages. London and New York, 1990.

Sheehan, Michael M. Marriage, Family, and Law in Medieval Europe: Collected Papers, ed. James K. Farge. Toronto, 1996.

Sweet, Victoria. Rooted in the Earth, Rooted in the Sky: Hildegard of Bingen and Premodern Medicine. New York and London, 2006.

Walker, Sue Sheridan, ed. Wife and Widow in Medieval England. Ann Arbor, 1993.

IV Noblewomen’s lives

Primary sources

Barber, Richard. The Pastons: A Family in the Wars of the Roses. Harmondsworth, 1981.

Barnhouse, Rebecca. The Book of the Knight of the Tower: Manners for Young Medieval Women. New York, 2006. Benton, John F. ed. Self and Society in Medieval France: The Memoirs of Abbot Guibert of Nogent. New York, 1970. Brown, Andrew and Graeme Small, eds. and tr. Court and Civic Society in the Burgundian Low Countries, ca.1420-1530. Manchester, 2008.

Christine de Pisan. The Treasure of the City of Ladies, or, The Book of the Three Virtues, tr. Sarah Lawson.

Harmondsworth, 1985.

Christine de Pizan. The Book of the City of Ladies, tr. Earl Jeffrey Richards. London, 1983.

Christine de Pizan. A Medieval Woman’s Mirror of Honor: The Treasury of the City of Ladies, tr. Charity Canon Willard, ed. Madeleine Pelner Cosman. New York, 1989.

Christine de Pizan. Christine’s Vision, tr. Glenda K. McLeod. New York, 1993.

Christine de Pizan. The Writings of Christine de Pizan, ed. Charity Cannon Willard. New York, 1993. Christine de Pizan. The Selected Writings of Christine de Pizan, tr. Renate Blumenfeld-Kosinski (ed.) and Kevin Brownlee. New York and London, 1997.

Christine de Pizan. The Vision of Christine de Pizan, tr. Glenda McLeod and Charity Cannon Willard. Cambridge, 2005.

Dhuoda. Handbook for William: A Carolingian Woman’s Counsel for Her Son, tr. Carol Neel. Lincoln, NB, and London, 1991.

Gregory of Tours. The History of the Franks, tr. Lewis Thorpe. Harmondsworth, 1974.

Nicolas, Harris Nicholas, ed. Testamenta Vetusta: Being Illustrations from Wills, of Manners, Customs, etc., 2 vols. London, 1826.

Redstone, Vincent B., ed. The Household Book of Dame Alice de Bryene, tr. M. K. Dale. Ipswich, 1931.

Ross, Barbara, ed. and tr. Accounts of the Stewards of the Talbot Household at Blakmere, 1392-1425. Keele, 2003. Walmsley, John, ed. and tr. Widows, Heirs, and Heiresses in the Late Twelfth Century: The Rotuli de Dominabus et Pueris et Puellis. Tempe, AZ, 2006.

Ward, Jennifer C. Women of the English Nobility and Gentry, 1066-1500. Manchester, 1996.

Whitelock, Dorothy, ed. and tr. Anglo-Saxon Wills. Cambridge, 1930.

Secondary Works

Bogin, Meg. The Women Troubadours. New York, 1980.

Coss, Peter. The Lady in Medieval England, 1000-1500. Stroud, 1998.

Evergates, Theodore, ed. Aristocratic Women in Medieval France. Philadelphia, 1999.

Gies, Joseph and Frances Gies. Life in a Medieval Castle. New York, 1974.

Harris, BarbaraJ. English Aristocratic Women, 1450-1550: Marriage and Family, Properly and Careers. Oxford, 2002. Labarge, Margaret Wade. A Baronial Household of the Thirteenth Century. Totowa, NJ, 1980.

Mirrer, Louise. Upon My Husband’s Death: Widows in the Literature and Histories of Medieval Europe. Ann Arbor, MI, 1991.

Rosenthal, Joel T. Patriarchy and Families of Privilege in Fifteenth-Century England. Philadelphia, 1991. Stenton, Doris Mary. The English Woman in History. London, 1957.

Ward, Jennifer C. English Noblewomen in the Later Middle Ages. London, 1992.

Willard, Charity Cannon. Christine de Pizan, Her Life and Works. New York, 1990.

Woolgar, C. M. The Great Household in Late Medieval England. New Haven, 1999.

V Peasant women’s lives

Primary sources

Bailey, Mark, ed. and tr. The English Manor, c. 1200-1500: Selected Sources. Manchester, 2002. Humphreys, Arthur L., ed. Materials for the History of the Town and Parish of Wellington in the County of Somerset. London, 1910.

Hunnisett, R.F., ed. Bedfordshire Coroners’ Rolls. Bedfordshire Historical Record Society, 1961. Massingberd, W.O., tr. Court Rolls of the Manor of Ingoldmells in the County of Lincolnshire. London, 1902.

Secondary works

Balestracci, Duccio. The Renaissance in the Fields: Family Memoirs of a Fifteenth-Century Tuscan Peasant, tr.

Paolo Squatriti and Betsy Merideth. University Park, PA, 1999.

Bennett, Judith M. Women in the Medieval English Countryside. Oxford, 1989.

Bennett, Judith M. A Medieval Life: Cecilia Penifader of Brigstock, c. 1295-1344. Boston, 1999.

Charles, Lindsey and Lorna Duffin. Women and Work in Preindustrial England. London, 1985.

Dyer, Christopher. Everyday Life in Medieval England. London and New York, 1994.

Gies, Joseph and Frances Gies. Life in a Medieval Village. New York, 1990.

Hanawalt, Barbara. The Ties that Bound: Peasant Families in Medieval England. New York, 1986.

Hanawalt, Barbara, ed. Women and Work in Preindustrial Europe. Bloomington, IN, 1986.

VI Townswomen’s lives

Primary sources

Bateson, M., ed. Borough Customs. London, 1966.

Dean, Trevor, ed. The Towns of Italy in the Later Middle Ages. Manchester, 2000.

Hanham, Alison, ed. The Cely Letters, 1472-1488. London, 1975.

Kingsford, Charles Lethbridge, ed. The Stonor Letters and Papers, 1290-1483, 2 vols. London, 1919.

Riley, H.T., ed. Memorials of London and London Life, 2 vols. London, 1868.

Rogers, Mary, ed. Women in Italy, 1350-1650. Manchester, 2000.

Secondary works

Barron, Caroline M. and Anne F. Sutton, eds. Medieval London Widows, 1300-1500. London, 1994. Bennett, Judith M. Ale, Beer, and Brewsters in England: Women’s Work in a Changing World, 1300-1600. New York and Oxford, 1996.

Dillard, Heath. Daughters of the Reconquest: Women in Castilian Town Society, 1100-1300. Cambridge, 1984. Farmer, Sharon. Surviving Poverty in Medieval Paris: Gender, Ideology, and the Daily Lives of the Poor. Ithaca, 2002.

Gies, Joseph and Frances Gies. Life in a Medieval City. New York, 1969.

Hanawalt, Barbara A., ed. Women and Work in Preindustrial Europe. Bloomington, IN, 1986.

Hanawalt, Barbara A.. The Wealth of Wives: Women, Law, and Economy in Late Medieval London. New York, 2007. Hanham, Alison. The Celys and Their World: An English Merchant Family of the Fifteenth Century. Cambridge, 1985. Herlihy, David. Opera Muliebria: Women and Work in Medieval Europe. Philadelphia, 1990.

Howell, Martha C. Women, Production and Patriarchy in Late Medieval Cities. Chicago, 1988.

Karras, Ruth Mazo. Common Women: Prostitution and Sexuality in Medieval England. Oxford, 1996. McIntosh, Marjorie Keniston. Working Women in English Society, 1300-1620. Cambridge, 2005.

Nicholas, David The Domestic Life of a Medieval City: Women, Children, and the Family in Fourteenth-Century Ghent. Lincoln, NB, 1988.

Origo, Iris. The Merchant of Prato: Francesco di Marco Datini, 1335-1410. Boston, 1957.

Otis, Leah Lydia. Prostitution in Medieval Society: The History of an Urban Institution in Languedoc. Chicago, 1985. Rossiaud, Jacques. Medieval Prostitution, tr. Lydia G. Cochrane. Oxford, 1988.

Thrupp, Sylvia. The Merchant Class of Medieval London, 1300-1500. Chicago, 1948.

VII Religious lives

Primary sources

Ackerman, Robert W. and Roger Dahood, tr. Ancrene Riwle: Introduction and Part I. Binghamton, NY, 1984. Armstrong, Regis J., ed. Clare of Assisi: Early Documents. Mahwah, NJ, 1988.

Augustine of Hippo. St. Augustine: Select Letters, tr. J.H. Baxter. Loeb Classical Library. London, 1930. Brunn, Emilie Zum and Georgette Epiney-Burgard, eds. Women Mystics in Medieval Europe. New York, 1989. Donatus of Besançon. The Ordeal of Community, and The Rule of Donatus of Besançon, tr. Jo Ann McNamara and John Halborg. Toronto, n.d.

Eudes of Rouen. The Register of Eudes of Rouen, tr. Sydney M. Brown, ed. Jeremiah F. O’Sullivan. New York and London, 1964.

Fox, Matthew, ed. Hildegard of Bingen’s Book of Divine Works, with Letters and Songs. Santa Fe, NM, 1987. Hallborg,John E.,Jo Ann McNamara and Gordon Whatley, eds. Sainted Women of the Dark Ages. Durham, NC, 1992.

Hildegard of Bingen. Illuminations, ed. Matthew Fox. Santa Fe, NM, 1985.

Hildegard of Bingen. Explanation of the Rule of Benedict, tr. Hugh Feiss. Toronto, 1990.

Hrotswitha of Gandersheim. The Plays of Hrotswitha of Gandersheim, tr. Larissa Bonfante with Alexandra Bonfante-Warren. Oak Park, IL, 1986.

Hrotswitha of Gandersheim. The Plays of Hrotsvit of Gandersheim, tr. Katharina M. Wilson. New York, 1989.

Jacques de Vitry. The Faces of Women in the Sermons of Jacques de Vitry, ed. and tr. Carolyn Muessig. Toronto, 1999.

Julian of Norwich. Revelations of Divine Love, ed. Halcyon Backhouse with Rhona Pipe. London, 1987. Kempe, Margery. The Book of Margery Kempe, tr. Barry Windeatt. Harmondsworth, 1985.

Millett, Bella and Jocelyn Wogan-Browne, eds. Medieval English Prose for Women: The Katherine Group and Ancrene Wisse. Oxford, 1990.

Morton, James, ed. The Nun’s Rule, Being the Ancren Riwle Modernised. London, 1905.

Riccaboni, Sister Bartolomea. Life and Death in a Venetian Convent: The Chronicle and Necrology of Corpus Domini, 1395-1436, ed. and tr. Daniel Bornstein. Chicago and London, 2000.

Talbot, C.H., tr. The Life of Christina of Markyate, A Twelfth-Century Recluse. Oxford, 1987.

Thomas de Cantimpré. The Life of Christina the Astonishing, tr. and ed. Margot King with David Wiljer. Toronto, 1986.

Secondary works

Atkinson, Clarissa. Mystic and Pilgrim: The Book and World of Margery Kempe. Ithaca, 1983.

Bynum, Caroline Walker. Holy Feast, Holy Fast: The Religious Significance of Food to Medieval Women. Berkeley, 1987. Cartwright, Jane. Feminine Sanctity and Spirituality in Medieval Wales. Cardiff, 2008.

Collis, Louise. Memoirs of a Medieval Woman: The Life and Times of Margery Kempe. New York, 1964.

Elkins, Sharon K. Holy Women of Twelfth-Century England. Chapel Hill, NC, 1988.

Finnegan, Mary Jeremy. The Women of Helfta: Scholars and Mystics. Athens, GA, 1991.

Flanagan, Sabina. Hildegard of Bingen: A Visionary Life. New York, 1989.

Haight, Anne Lyon, ed. Hroswitha of Gandersheim: Her Life, Times, and Works, and a Comprehensive Bibliography. New York, 1965.

Johnson, Penelope D. Equal in Monastic Profession: Religious Women in Medieval France. Chicago, 1991. McDonnell, Ernest W. The Beguines and Beghards in Medieval Culture with Special Emphasis on the Belgian Scene. New Brunswick, NJ, 1969.

McNamara, Jo Ann Kay. Sisters in Arms: Catholic Nuns through Two Millennia. Cambridge, MA, 1996. Newman, Barbara. Sister of Wisdom: St. Hildegard’s Theology of the Feminine. Berkeley, 1987.

Newman, Barbara, ed. Voice of the Living Light: Hildegard of Bingen and Her World. Berkeley, 1998.

Nichols, John A. and Lillian Thomas Shank, eds. Distant Echoes: Medieval Religious Women I. Kalamazoo, MI, 1984. Nichols,John A. and Lillian Thomas Shank, eds. Peace Weavers: Medieval Religious Women II. Kalamazoo, MI, 1987. Nichols, John A. and Lillian Thomas Shank, eds. Hidden Springs: Cistercian Monastic Women, I and II. Medi­eval Religious Women III. Kalamazoo, MI, 1995.

Power, Eileen. Medieval English Nunneries. Cambridge, 1922.

Ruether, Rosemary and Eleanor McLaughlin, eds. Women of Spirit: Female Leadership in the fewish and Christian Traditions. New York, 1979.

Salisbury, Joyce E. Church Fathers, Independent Virgins. New York, 1991.

Simons, Walter. Cities of Ladies: Beguine Communities in the Medieval Low Countries, 1200-1565. Philadelphia, 2001. Thurston, Bonnie Bowman. A Women’s Ministry in the Early Church. Minneapolis, 1989.

Venarde, Bruce L. Women’s Monasticism and Medieval Society: Nunneries in France and England, 890-1215.

Ithaca and New York, 1997.

Ward, Benedicta. Harlots of the Desert: A Study of Repentance in Early Monastic Sources. Kalamazoo, MI, 1987. Wheeler, Bonnie, ed. Listening to Heloise: The Voice of a Twelfth-Century Woman. New York, 2000.

Wilson, Katharina M. Hrotsvit of Gandersheim: Rara Avis in Saxonia? Ann Arbor, MI, 1987.

VIII Jewish, Muslim, and heretic women

Primary sources

Bos, Gerrit, ed and tr. Ibn al-Jazzâr on Sexual Diseases and Their Treatment. London, 1997.

Dawood, NJ., tr. The Koran. Harmondsworth, 1990.

Henry, Sondra and Emily Taitz. Written Out of History: A Hidden Legacy of Jewish Women Revealed Through Their Writings and Letters. New York, 1978.

Klein, Isaac, tr. The Code of Maimonides. Book Four: The Book of Women. New Haven and London, 1972. Lewis, Bernard, ed. and tr. Islam from the Prophet Muhammad to the Capture of Constantinople, 2 vols. New York, 1974.

Maitland, S. R., ed. Facts and Documents Illustrative of the History, Doctrine, and Rites of the Ancient Albigenses and Waldenses. London, 1832.

Marcus, Jacob R., ed. The Few in the Medieval World: A Sourcebook, 315-1791. Cincinnati, 1938. Maxwell-Stuart, P.G., tr. The Malleus Maleficarum. Manchester, 2007.

Smith, Colin, Charles Melville, and Ahmad Ubaydli, eds. Christian and Moors in Spain, 3 vols. Warmin­ster, 1988-2001.

Secondary works

Barkai, Ron. A History of Jewish Gynaecological Texts in the Middle Ages. Leiden, 1998.

Baskin, Judith R. Jewish Women in Historical Perspective. Detroit, 1991.

Baumgarten, Elisheva. Mothers and Children: Jewish Family Life in Medieval Europe. Princeton, NJ, 2004. Deguilham, Randi and Manuela Marin, eds. Writing the Feminine: Women in Arab Sources. New York, 2002. Fine, Lawrence, ed. Judaism in Practice: From the Middle Ages through the Early Modern Period. Princeton and Oxford, 2001.

Hambly, Gavin R.G., ed. Women in the Medieval Islamic World. New York, 1999.

Ladurie, Emmanuel Le Roy. Montaillou: Cathars and Catholics in a French Village, 1294-1324. London, 1980. Lindsay, James E. Daily Life in the Medieval Islamic World. Westport, CT, 2005.

McSheffrey, Shannon. Gender and Heresy: Women and Men in Lollard Communities, 1420-1530. Philadelphia, 1995. Richards, Jeffrey. Sex, Dissidence, and Damnation: Minority Groups in the Middle Ages. New York, 1991. Winer, Rebecca Lynn. Women, Wealth, and Community in Perpignan, c. 1250-1300. Aldershot, 2006.